网络资源的拷贝粘贴 备份参考之用


Showing posts with label book. Show all posts
Showing posts with label book. Show all posts

19 February 2007

宽宽信箱与出埃及记

[ 2007-2-7 转载自智识 ideobook.com]

冯象:《宽宽信箱与出埃及记》例言


本书接续《创世记:传说与译注》(江苏人民,2004),可看作《摩西五经》的第二卷。

《摩西五经》即希伯来语《圣经》(基督教旧约)的起首五篇,古人以为是先知摩西传世的,故名。犹太传统奉为“上帝之法”(torath ha’elohim),解作泛义的言行规范、信念与礼仪的教导。几千年来,它先后接受了三大宗教即犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教的阐释,至今仍指导、约束着世 界各地不同社会不同文化的很大一部分人口的思想和行为,给人们带来生活的希望、尊严与理想,做辨别是非善恶、民族认同乃至划分异教异端的社会标准。在此意 义上,这五篇经文可说是人类有史以来生命力最强最久的一部“法典”了。

我原先的打算,是准备写一篇《摩西传》跟《五经》配搭的。但是《五经》译毕,去年暑假腾出时间,读了几种传记和一批“摩西时代”埃及、迦南、两河流 域的文献及相关研究之后,却又生了新的想法。觉得需要慢慢琢磨,构思成熟了,才好落笔。当时已陆续收到读者同道对《创世记》的反馈,发现大家对译经之事颇 有兴趣,而我也正需要总结经验。于是改变计划,把创作停下,先讨论翻译的实践和理论,包括西方的解经学传统、中文旧译的舛误类型或“病理机制”。这样,一 共写了二十二封信,加上先前完成的两则“译经博客”和一篇《创世记》采访,合称“宽宽信箱”,作本书的上编。讨论的题目与例证,则多取自下编《出埃及 记》,即《五经》之二,俾便对照浏览。

那二十二封信中有一些谈及读书和此间的书店,或回忆师长,篇幅较短,蒙《南方周末》刘君小磊不弃,辟为阅读版专栏。内容除了《圣经》,还介绍若干古 希腊、罗马和欧洲中世纪文学经——广义上的文学,包括哲学、历史、宗教等一切蕴含文学价值的思想文字——这些伟大作品昭示的古典伦理同自由人格的理想,跟 当今中国社会的一些突出病症,例如大学教育和学术的深度腐败、行业道德的全面崩溃,恰成鲜明的对比。我以为很值得研究。由此入手,或可为改革与反思拓开一 条新路。我想,这也是百年来探索现代中国命运的先行者们所孜孜以求的理想的一种,故而,专栏就以“理想国”为名。

两则博客,原载上海《译文》杂志。《书城》复刊,录用两札。采访是应友人彭伦先生之请写的,先是送去《文景》,但不知出了什么故障,从此石沉大海, 杳无音信。故转投《南方周末》。不料《南方周末》发表不久,《文景》也登了,闹了个一稿两投。在此特向读者交代,并谢谢上述几家报刊的编辑和彭伦先生费心 费力。

藉此成书之机,凡发表过的文章都重新修订或补充了例证。只有采访因是答记者问,为保留原貌和文气连贯,个别语句虽然与博客重复,亦不删去。上编论 及、引用的经典和专著,列入“参考书目”,略作说明,置于卷末。此外,还编了一份“圣经年表”,记录一些重要的或可资对照的人物著作、历史事件。读者看 过,可对《圣经》文本生成和传播的年代顺序有一大致的了解。

经书与各种西文的汉译,未标明译者译本的,均为拙译。希伯来语《圣经》我用的是德国斯图加特版Kittel-Kahle传统本(简称BHS),希腊语《新约》则取斯图加特版Nestle-Aland汇校本(NTG),皆是西方学界公认的权威。

下编《出埃及记》译注的体例,一如《创世记》译注;章节划分、片断标题、插注、插图等事项,以及希伯来文和希腊文的拉丁字母转写,请参阅《创世记·前言》

本书写作期间,老友张祖建博士就比较语法理论为我释疑,外交部骆玉潇女士拨冗解答阿拉伯语问题,北大法学院苏力教授热心安排讲座,北大出版社贺维彤君帮助检索吴经熊博士《圣咏》译稿,谨此一并致谢。

还要感谢许多热情读者的电邮。其中凡就拙著或译文提出具体问题或看法,并且我的原始中文软件能够阅读的,都简短回复了(但愿也送到了)。但有懂行的 学生告诉我,由于网络服务商屏蔽电脑病毒和垃圾邮件,电邮往来可能受阻、遗失。我也发现好些国内地址无法投递,想必是这个原因。我注册于计算机网络,从做 乔叟与中古英语的词汇统计开始,至今二十余年,仍是网盲,只好由它去了。

有一个读者朋友却是永远回复不了了。前年八月到北京开会,有两位姑娘来会议酒店采访,自报家门是《经济观察报》的苌苌和符郁。我因为日程紧,就提议 “工作午餐”。吃饭时,苌苌忙着录音拍照,符郁提了好些问题。采访结束,符郁还在追问,我写的圣经故事里,那个跟雅各摔跤的“人影”,是神还是人?她文学 底子不错,言谈敏慧、诚恳大方,聊得很开心。九月,采访记刊出,整理得挺细致。一晃过了元旦,苌苌贺年,我请代向符郁问候;苌苌说,她不在了,三号走的。我和内子哀痛了好久。后来得知,那天的饭钱是她们自费“埋单”的;我不懂行情,竟以为报社招待,又感到万分的抱歉。只能记下这些,并以这本新书向符郁姑娘的英魂致敬。

循先例,内子继续担任第一读者兼评家之职。从头至尾,我每写一稿,她必评一遍,或建议或质疑或辨析。尤其令我惊讶的是,有时她仅凭我的译稿或英译,就能发现经文译注和阐述中的疏漏不妥或需要改进之处。可见乔姆斯基没错,语言的基本法则和深层结构是“内在”而相通的。

“他写诗犹如母熊舔仔,慢慢舔出宝宝的模样”;先师杨周翰先生译维吉尔史诗《埃涅阿斯记》,曾引述诗人此句自画像似的名言。译经至此,我也常有这慢 慢舔出宝宝模样的奇妙的感受。为了纪念领我走进罗马文学和钦定本《圣经》那“光明世界”的第一位“指路人”,我把这本书题献给杨先生。

二〇〇六年五月于麻省新伯利港铁盆斋

Posted by Feng Xiang @ 人文情怀 (Humanities), 读书生活 (Reading) | English Add to del.icio.us |


[ 宽宽信箱, 是这个寒假里最想看的一本书. ^_^]

13 February 2007

Smoke and Mirrors - Neil Gaiman

《烟与镜》——尼尔·盖曼(Neil Gaiman)的奇异世界

by Husy
 

英 国作家尼尔·盖曼的天赋似乎只能以奇才两个字来概括,他的作品往往有一些出人意料的想法,他总是能够从某个奇特的角度去阐述事物,给读者带来意外的惊喜, 而接近主流文学的题材与技法更加给他的奇幻作品带来新鲜活力。他的这本短篇集《烟与镜(Smoke and Mirrors)》收集了二十余篇小说,其中大部分是奇幻,也有少量的科幻和非幻想小说。当你阅读这本集子的时候,就感觉是在一个含金量丰富的矿藏里面淘 金,时不时就会发现一个闪亮点。

全书由一篇简介开始,简介的内容其实就象是聊天,作者与读者之间的聊天。写这篇文章时候的小花絮,那篇文章的灵感来自哪里,另外一篇写完之后的感受,诸如此类的话题,对于阅读理解后面的文章有一定的帮助。

下面是个人最喜欢的几篇:

结婚礼物
The Wedding Present
这篇文章其实在目录中并没有,尼尔把他藏在了书前的简介当中。讲述了一对新婚夫妇,收到一件神秘的结婚礼物——一本小说,但这不是普通的小说,而是描述了他们两人的婚姻生活。

骑士精神
Chivalry
正如尼尔在简介中说的,这一篇充满了友好的气氛。一位老太太从慈善寄卖店里买到了圣杯(The Grail),引来一位寻找圣杯的骑士。

代价
The Price
这是一篇关于猫的小说。“我”收养过许多流浪猫,其中一只却担负起保护“我”全家的责任。

巨魔桥
Troll Bridge
这篇曾经入围过世界奇幻奖(World Fantasy Award)候选。是一篇略带伤感的小说。吃人灵魂的巨魔在作者笔下并不可怕,却透着一股神秘而悲哀的气息。

金鱼池杂记
The Goldfish Pool and Other Stories
这严格来说不是一篇奇幻小说,但主角是一位奇幻恐怖小说作家,他的热销作品将被改编成电影,于是他来到了好莱乌,开始了一段讽刺的经历。

芬奇小姐失踪案记实
The Facts in the Case of the Disappearance of Miss Finch
有没有去看过地下马戏团的表演?这一篇将带给你一次难忘的经历。

我们可以给你批发价
We Can Get Them for You Wholesale
本篇的主角是一个喜欢从讨价还价中获得乐趣的人。不过他没有想到雇佣杀手杀人也可以侃价,可以有批发价。但是这一次讨价还价的结果却有点出乎他的意料。

天堂谋杀案
Murder Mysteries
创世之前,整个天堂中的天使们都在为即将到来的新世界忙碌。但是有一位低阶天使遭到了谋杀。这个故事借一个路人之口说出,更添加了神秘色彩,也更发人深思。


雪,玻璃,苹果
Snow, Glass, Apples
看到标题你有没有联想到什么?这一篇我可是被骗了很久,快结束的时候才明白过来。

另外有几篇虽然还称不上一篇完整的小说,只不过是一个概念,但仍然能给你带来阅读的乐趣。例如《尼古拉斯是……(Nicholas Was…)》才短短几行,读完之后,不禁会对圣诞老人产生怜悯之情,虽然“圣诞老人”,或者“桑塔·克劳斯”这两个词根本没有出现,但你也知道尼尔说的是 什么。

这本集子的标题“烟与镜”的含义是,魔术师靠镜子与烟雾来表演,镜子能映照出实像,而45度斜放的镜子会让你看到假象,让你以为你所看到的是真的,这个概 念在若干篇里都有出现。小说都是镜子,用来反映这个世界,而奇幻小说也是镜子,是魔术师常用的45度斜放的镜子,甚至是凹凸不平的变形镜,它们可以告诉我 们一些事情,一些平时看不到的事情。读完所有的故事,你是不是也会看到一些平时看不到的事情呢?


http://www.scifi.com/set/playhouse/snowglassapples/snowglassapples1_hi.ram

http://www.scifi.com/set/playhouse/snowglassapples/snowglassapples2_hi.ram

8 February 2007

意大利面之年

THE YEAR OF SPAGHETTI

by HARUKI MURAKAMI

(Translated, from the Japanese, by Philip Gabriel. From newyorker.com)



Nineteen-seventy-one was the Year of Spaghetti.

In 1971, I cooked spaghetti to live, and lived to cook spaghetti. Steam
rising from the pot was my pride and joy, tomato sauce bubbling up in the
saucepan my one great hope in life.

I went to a cooking specialty store and bought a kitchen timer and a huge
aluminum pot, big enough to bathe a German shepherd in, then went around
to all the supermarkets that catered to foreigners, gathering an
assortment of odd-sounding spices. I picked up a pasta cookbook at the
bookstore, and bought tomatoes by the dozen. I purchased every brand of
spaghetti I could lay my hands on, simmered every sauce known to man. Fine
particles of garlic, onion, and olive oil swirled in the air, forming a
harmonious cloud that penetrated every corner of my tiny apartment,
permeating the floor and the ceiling and the walls, my clothes, my books,
my records, my tennis racquet, my bundles of old letters. It was a
fragrance one might have smelled on ancient Roman aqueducts.

This is a story from the Year of Spaghetti, 1971 A.D.

As a rule, I cooked spaghetti, and ate it, by myself. I was convinced that
spaghetti was a dish best enjoyed alone. I cant really explain why I
felt that way, but there it is.

I always drank tea with my spaghetti and ate a simple lettuce-and-cucumber
salad. Id make sure I had plenty of both. I laid everything out neatly on
the table and enjoyed a leisurely meal, glancing at the paper as I ate.
From Sunday to Saturday, one Spaghetti Day followed another. And each new
Sunday started a brand-new Spaghetti Week.

Every time I sat down to a plate of spaghettiespecially on a rainy
afternoonI had the distinct feeling that somebody was about to knock on my
door. The person who I imagined was about to visit me was different each
time. Sometimes it was a stranger, sometimes someone I knew. Once, it was
a girl with slim legs whom Id dated in high school, and once it was
myself, from a few years back, come to pay a visit. Another time, it was
William Holden, with Jennifer Jones on his arm.

William Holden?

Not one of these people, however, actually ventured into my apartment.
They hovered just outside the door, without knocking, like fragments of
memory, and then slipped away.

Spring, summer, and fall, I cooked and cooked, as if cooking spaghetti
were an act of revenge. Like a lonely, jilted girl throwing old love
letters into the fireplace, I tossed one handful of spaghetti after
another into the pot.

Id gather up the trampled-down shadows of time, knead them into the shape
of a German shepherd, toss them into the roiling water, and sprinkle them
with salt. Then Id hover over the pot, oversized chopsticks in hand, until
the timer dinged its plaintive note.

Spaghetti strands are a crafty bunch, and I couldnt let them out of my
sight. If I were to turn my back, they might well slip over the edge of
the pot and vanish into the night. The night lay in silent ambush, hoping
to waylay the prodigal strands.

Spaghetti alla parmigiana

Spaghetti alla napoletana

Spaghetti al cartoccio

Spaghetti aglio e olio

Spaghetti alla carbonara

Spaghetti della pina

And then there was the pitiful, nameless leftover spaghetti carelessly
tossed into the fridge.

Born in heat, the strands of spaghetti washed down the river of 1971 and
vanished.

I mourn them all -- all the spaghetti of the year 1971.

When the phone rang at 3:20 p.m. I was sprawled out on the tatami, staring
at the ceiling. A pool of winter sunlight had formed in the place where I
lay. Like a dead fly I lay there, vacant, in a December spotlight.

At first, I didnt recognize the sound as the phone ringing. It was more
like an unfamiliar memory that had hesitantly slipped in between the
layers of air. Finally, though, it began to take shape, and, in the end, a
ringing phone was unmistakably what it was. It was one hundred per cent a
phone ring in one-hundred-per-cent real air. Still sprawled out, I reached
over and picked up the receiver.

On the other end was a girl, a girl so indistinct that, by four-thirty,
she might very well have disappeared altogether. She was the ex-girlfriend
of a friend of mine. Something had brought them together, this guy and
this indistinct girl, and something had led them to break up. I had, I
admit, reluctantly played a role in getting them together in the first
place.

Sorry to bother you, she said, but do you know where he is now?

I looked at the phone, running my eyes along the length of the cord. The
cord was, sure enough, attached to the phone. I managed a vague reply.
There was something ominous in the girls voice, and whatever trouble was
brewing I knew that I didnt want to get involved.

Nobody will tell me where he is, she said in a chilly tone. Everybodys
pretending they dont know. But theres something important I have to tell
him, so pleasetell me where he is. I promise I wont drag you into this.
Where is he?

I honestly dont know, I told her. I havent seen him in a long time. My
voice didnt sound like my own. I was telling the truth about not having
seen him for a long time, but not about the other partI did know his
address and phone number. Whenever I tell a lie, something weird happens
to my voice.

No comment from her.

The phone was like a pillar of ice.

Then all the objects around me turned into pillars of ice, as if I were in
a J. G. Ballard science-fiction story.

I really dont know, I repeated. He went away a long time ago, without
saying a word.

The girl laughed. Give me a break. Hes not that clever. Were talking about
a guy who has to make a lot of noise no matter what he does.

She was right. The guy really was a bit of a dim bulb.

But I wasnt about to tell her where he was. Do that, and next Id have him
on the phone, giving me an earful. I was through with getting caught up in
other peoples messes. Id already dug a hole in the back yard and buried
everything that needed to be buried in it. Nobody could ever dig it up
again.

Im sorry, I said.

You dont like me, do you? she said suddenly.

I had no idea what to say. I didnt particularly dislike her. I had no real
impression of her at all. Its hard to have a bad impression of somebody
you have no impression of.

Im sorry, I said again. But Im cooking spaghetti right now.

Im sorry?

I said Im cooking spaghetti, I lied. I had no idea why I said that. But
the lie had already become a part of meso much so that, at that moment at
least, it didnt feel like a lie at all.

I went ahead and filled an imaginary pot with imaginary water, lit an
imaginary stove with an imaginary match.

So? she asked.

I sprinkled imaginary salt into the boiling water, gently lowered a
handful of imaginary spaghetti into the imaginary pot, set the imaginary
kitchen timer for eight minutes.

So I cant talk. The spaghetti will be ruined.

She didnt say anything.

Im really sorry, but cooking spaghetti is a delicate operation.

The girl was silent. The phone in my hand began to freeze again.

So could you call me back? I added hurriedly.

Because youre in the middle of making spaghetti? she asked.

Yeah.

Are you making it for someone, or are you going to eat alone?

Ill eat it by myself, I said.

She held her breath for a long time, then slowly breathed out. Theres no
way you could know this, but Im really in trouble. I dont know what to do.

Im sorry I cant help you, I said.

Theres some money involved, too.

I see.

He owes me money, she said. I lent him some money. I shouldnt have, but I
had to.

I was quiet for a minute, my thoughts drifting toward spaghetti. Im sorry,
I said. But Ive got the spaghetti going, so . . .

She gave a listless laugh. Goodbye, she said. Say hi to your spaghetti for
me. I hope it turns out O.K.

Bye, I said.

When I hung up the phone, the circle of light on the floor had shifted an
inch or two. I lay down again in that pool of light and resumed staring at
the ceiling.

Thinking about spaghetti that boils eternally but is never done is a sad,
sad thing.

Now I regret, a little, that I didnt tell the girl anything. Perhaps I
should have. I mean, her ex-boyfriend wasnt much to start withan empty
shell of a guy with artistic pretensions, a great talker whom nobody
trusted. She sounded as if she really were strapped for money, and, no
matter what the situation, youve got to pay back what you borrow.

Sometimes I wonder what happened to the girlthe thought usually pops into
my mind when Im facing a steaming-hot plate of spaghetti. After she hung
up the phone, did she disappear forever, sucked into the 4:30 p.m.
shadows? Was I partly to blame?

I want you to understand my position, though. At the time, I didnt want to
get involved with anyone. Thats why I kept on cooking spaghetti, all by
myself. In that huge pot, big enough to hold a German shepherd.

Durum semolina, golden wheat wafting in Italian fields.

Can you imagine how astonished the Italians would be if they knew that
what they were exporting in 1971 was really *loneliness*?

(Translated, from the Japanese, by Philip Gabriel. From newyorker.com)
Google